Sun and skin cancer

The sun, source of life, it can also be extremely harmful to the human body, especially if it is abused. Our body needs to receive the sun for the synthesis of vitamin D, which is essential to prevent diseases such as rickets, but in excess, causes serious damage to human skin. Two hours lying in the sun mean ten or fifteen years of aging in the skin, according to some doctors.

The mode of being tanned, and wanting to get in record time, has wreaked havoc on the skin. Being dark, was once a synonym for person of low social strata, who was forced to work in the open, now has become a mark of distinction. A tanned person denotes that you can afford to spend a holiday on the coast or in the mountains.
However, sun exposure continuously can have significant consequences, causes changes in the skin and accelerates envegecimiento, while decreases the skin's ability to retain water, and reduces the elasticity and firmness of the skin; but the greatest risk we run when exposed excessively to the sun, is to sufir melanoma or skin cancer.
THE SUN AND SKIN CANCER.
Solar radiation are of three types: light, ultraviolet caloríticas and these are the ones that produce the synthesis of a pigment called "melanin" which is the tanning our skin, a reaction to protect those ultraviolet radiation.

This substance found in the cells of the deeper layers of the skin, melanocytes, by a mechanism of transfer amounts to epithelial cells, the more superficial climbing turn until the stratum corneum surface and create a true barrier to the penetration of ultraviolet rays. If we were not protected by melanin, would break the small arteries of the skin and destroy the tissue which binds the cell structure.

However, excessive production of melanin can cause alterations in the skin and accelerate aging. But the most serious consequence of a deep tan is possible injuries that can result in skin burns, edema, erythema, even the dreaded melanoma or skin cancer.
This type of cancer is curable in a large proportion. The more pigmented than the skin of a man, the lower the risk of developing a cancerous tumor. Should be especially careful people with very light skin, blond hair and blue eyes, those freckles, moles or spots, as they produce less melanin than normal.
According to research, the increased level of melanin in inhabitants of certain regions of the globe, and European citizens in doubles every ten years, and in regions such as Arizona or New Mexico, in the United States, to be quadrupled.

Melanoma is a skin growth that may be suspected by the presence of a normal mole or spot that changes shape, color, texture, or size, or that bleeds, itches or hurts. This disease has its main cause melanin, because if your percentage is significantly altered, increases the chance of developing skin cancer.
The short-wave energy breaks Accido series deoxyribonucleic (DNA), the genetic material of the cell. These sets are then joined in an abnormal way, so that the enzymes are constantly working to restore the DNA sequence and which is adequate, but the repeated exposure to ultraviolet radiation back to interrupt this process. Then the mutant DNA can result in a cancer cell colony.
The most common advice of escpecialistas are: make the skin of each and their limitations; avoid sunbathing between one and four in the afternoon peak hours of ultraviolet rays, not sunbathing directly from the beginning, but gradually, be careful with the water and sand, reflecting elements of the sun, cover the skin with photoprotective creams and lotions for use after sunbathing.

BE THE PRICE OF MORENO.
The more benign effect of the sun on the skin are the traits of aging, and the most damaging is the possibility of generating malignant melanomas, which if not detected and treated quickly, can be fatal. This type of tumor, usually affecting people working outdoors, especially farmers and fishermen, and age over 50 years, has significantly increased among the younger population, mainly due to the limited protection which basking in the summer months.
The problem of solar radiation is similar to any other type of rays. The effects of the sun in our bodies accumulate throughout life, and ends up having ability to seriously injure our skin, hence it increasingly greater concern for protective tanning lotions because the greater the degree of protection of a cream, less negative will be the sun on our skin.

Since he has raised the alarm about the dangers that can cause sun, tanning propaganda that placed dark soon disappeared and was passed to promote high sunscreen creams to prevent skin damage. The very World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the need to take into account certain dangers to exposed skin if you are malnourished, covered with products subjected to improper or unnecessary gestures.

It does not look like until recently, sunscreens with certain chemicals, such as oil of bergamot, whose property is to accelerate the pigmentation of the skin, due to the risks involved in this, but demand a high level creams Protective, what they have had to adaptarser sector industries.
Two types of skin protection, the first is through chemical oxybenzene based, ultraviolet absorbing low. The second with the use of pigments such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, but have the disadvantage of not being transparent and are therefore less used.

This fact has important economic implications. Manufacturers have tried to alleviate the growing fear of sun emphasizing the natural protection they offer their products without reducing its tanning properties. If five years ago there were six or seven products with SPF 15, there are now some reaching up to 50. These creams are trying to eliminate the action of ultraviolet rays, and more particularly type B, associated with burns and skin carcinogenic processes.
Without thier, recent studies indicate that sunscreen Cander not avoid completely the skin and should not induce sunbathe recklessly, according to a study at the Anderson Cancer Center in Huston, published in 1994. Experts warn that cases of melanoma are increasing in the world and point out that besides using creams, the best protection is to cover your body and wear a hat.

According to studies by the United Nations for 1996 cases of skin cancer will increase by one million people around the world mainly due to the intensity of solar radiation due to the decrease in the ozone layer.
One of the most significant is Chile, a country severely affected by the decline of the ozone layer in Antarctica and the southern region. Only in the eighties cases of skin cancer increased by almost 100 percent. According to research from the Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, published in January 1995, skin cancer in Chile between 1981 and 1991 increased by 99 percent and mortality from this disease doubled the annual average of 72 cases.

In the United States the incidence of melanoma has increased dramatically over the past two decades, according to a report by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Georgia. According to the study, published in May 1995, the incidence of skin cancer in this country increased by 34.1 percent between 1973 and 1992, which gives the same in the third place on the list of most feared cancers USA. The CDC estimates that during 1995 more than 7,200 people die in the U.S. as a result of a malignant melanoma.
Social circumstances also influenced in recent years in increasing diseases that are directly caused the action of sunlight. Fractionation of the summer has led to a desire to "get a tan" as quickly as possible. The mechanisms that allow the skin to protect against the harmful effects of sun need one or two weeks of coupling, which in most cases are not met and whose first consequence is the erosion of the upper skin layer.
To calculate the risks, experts have established what they call "minimal erythemal dose" (time when the skin begins to redden), which depends on the intensity of sunlight and the time it will take the sun is estimated fifteen minutes for the most sensitive skin.

These recommendations also affect short wave ultraviolet rays, which can cause even minor skin burns.

According to Dr. Cesarini, researcher at the Laboratory of skin tumor study from the National Institute for Health and Medical Investigaación Italy, if the average of doses you take an individual is 250 per year, additional doses of ultraviolet tanning lamps not should exceed 25 if you want to limit the risk of accidents, because although in theory should not cause excessive damage to the skin, it is too early to determine the side effects long term can desancadenar.
Another consequence of the ozone hole.
The land is covered by a layer of ozone, located in the higher regions of the atmosphere, which creates a protective shield against harmful ultraviolet solar more. However, this ozone is decreasing because of industrial activity, and as a result, has increased the level of ultraviolet radiation. Doctors warn that a higher concentration of this type of radiation would inhibit the functioning of the human immune system, leaving it exposed to all kinds of diseases.
American researchers from the Worldwatch Institute, based in Washington, warned that for every point decrease ozone increases between 4 and 6 per cent of cases of skin cancer in humans. Experts estimate that will increase between 3 and 15 million people suffer from this disease in the year 2075, if the ozone is disappearing at the current rate.
The destruction of the ozone layer, which was first detected in 1985, can have catastrophic consequences. The hole over Antarctica has caused an increase importanrte radiation levels ultravileta, estimated at more than double than expected, so it can be predicted that the increase of skin cancer cases worldwide.
The most alarmist voices predict that about 18,000 people will die in the coming years by sunbathing because of the destruction that is occurring in the ozone layer, says Dr. Robin Russell Jones, Saint Johns Hospital for Diseases of the Skin. For the year 2030 will be about 170,000 people will die in the United States because of skin cancer.
According to a report by NASA, the cities that are between 40 and 53 degrees above Ecuador, like New York, Chicago, Madrid and Beijing, are most affected by the decline of the ozone layer. It is said that for every point decrease is an increase of seven cases of skin cancer in the population is subjected to the action of sunlight. Based on this study, Brazilian scientists have stressed that in his country there has been a dismunución of 2.6 to 2.7 percent of the protective ozone layer and specialists of the Brazilian Society of Dermatology hanconfirmado that in recent years have increased cases of skin cancer.
However, there are other scientists who are much less alarmisnas.
So, Dr. Eva Mansson-Brahme, indicates that the rate of healing of melanomas can get to 100 percent, since the use of modern techniques to detect the slightest changes phones.
The advanced detection techniques are ultrasonic scanners, which operate at a maximum of 7 MHz and Episcan 2000, created by the British company Fulmer Systems, which operates in a range of 10 to 100 MHz, allowing you to define any feature more easily than traditional ultrasound.

It also says that is not fully proven that UV rays are the cause of skin cancer, which itself is shown is that heredity plays a role.
RESEARCH skin cancer.
All investigations in this field are oriented towards creating creams to protect the skin from the sun, through the artificial creation of its components. Thus, Washington has been achieved based sunscreen natural melanin. This substance, produced by the skin to protect against external agents, appears to have application in various treatments of different types of skin cancer, including malignant melanoma in.
These scientists base their research on the melaninapuede successfully contribute to the prevention of skin cancer, because this substance is produced by the body to protect against cell mutations that can cause the sun and the mutation affecting cancerous cells skin.

Meanwhile, a group of scientists have discovered a substance that protects sensitive skin from burns and can help in the fight against skin cancer. This discovery will provide first Beta carotene from natural (plant form of vitamin A), which hitherto had only a synthetic preparation.
This substance is a leading cleaning agents denominadoss "free radicals", harmful molecules that age the body and are linked to many degenerative diseases, so these scientists claim that Natural Beta carotene may help reduce the incidence of cuiertos skin cancers and slow the aging process.
In the United States, highly concerned with the issue, are continuously experiencing new treatments for skin cancer, one interleukin-2 combined with anti-cancer-cell lymphocytes taken from the tumor itself. This treatment was developed in 1985 by Dr. Steven Rosenberg of the National Cancer Institute of the United States.
Another drug that is currently being investigated is the "Accutane", made from vitamin A, in principle designed to fight acne, has very buenosresultados in treating skin cancer, but researchers hope that offers a protection against skin cancer, the most frequent among the white population of the United States, according to Dr. Kenneth Kraemer, a dermatologist at the National Cancer Institute.